System requirements for the HVAC system
Any HVAC system must meet four basic requirements. They'll need basic equipment, as well as space, air distribution, and piping.
Heating equipment such as steam boilers and hot water boilers to heating buildings or spaces, air delivery equipment such as packaged equipment to deliver conditioned ventilation air using centrifugal fans, axial fans, plug or plenum fans, and refrigeration equipment to deliver cooled or conditioned air into space are all examples of primary equipment. Cooling coils using water from water chillers or refrigerants from a refrigeration process is included. The amount of space required to shape a central or local HVAC system is critical.
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It requires the following five facilities:
2. HVAC facilities: In order to perform their primary tasks of heating and cooling the building, heating and refrigeration equipment require a number of facilities. The refrigeration equipment requires water chillers or cooling water towers for large buildings, condenser water pumps, heat exchangers, air-conditioning equipment, control air compressors, and miscellaneous equipment, while the heating equipment requires boiler units, pumps, heat exchangers, pressure-reducing equipment, control air compressors, and miscellaneous equipment.
3. The size and weight of the equipment, the installation and maintenance of the equipment, and the applicable regulations for combustion air and ventilation air criteria should all be considered when designing equipment rooms to house both pieces of equipment.
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4. HVAC fan equipment and other miscellaneous equipment are kept in fan rooms. The size of the installation and removal of fan shafts and coils, as well as replacement and maintenance, should be considered in the rooms. The size of the fans is determined by the amount of airflow required to condition the building, and they can be centralized or localized depending on availability, location, and cost. Having easy access to fresh air is preferable.
5. Provides space for air distribution, as well as water and steam pipe distribution. HVAC supply air, exhaust air, and return air ductwork are all part of the air distribution system. Hot water, chilled water, condenser water, and steam supply, as well as condenser return, are all distributed through pipes. Other mechanical and electrical distribution, such as plumbing pipes, fire protection pipes, and electric conduits/closets, are included in the vertical shaft to serve the entire building.
6. Large, heavy equipment must be able to move freely in the equipment room during installation, replacement, and maintenance.
Air distribution refers to ductwork that transports conditioned air to the desired location in the most direct, quiet, and cost-effective manner possible. Air terminal units, such as grilles and diffusers, deliver low-velocity supply air into space; fan-powered terminal units, which use an integral fan to ensure supply air to space; variable air volume terminal units, which deliver a variable amount of air into space; and all-air induction terminal units, which control the primary air, induce return air, and deliver a variable amount of air into space.
To prevent heat loss and save energy, all ductwork and piping should be insulated. Buildings should also have sufficient ceiling spaces to accommodate ductwork in the suspended ceiling and floor slab, which can be used as a return air plenum to reduce return ductwork.
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The piping system is used to deliver refrigerant, hot water, cooled water, steam, gas, and condensate in a direct, quiet, and cost-effective manner to and from HVAC equipment. The piping in the central plant equipment room and the delivery piping can be divided into two categories. Based on existing code requirements, HVAC piping may or may not be insulated.
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